Write an Effective Crew Manual

empower crew with clear direction & desire to achieve.

The Non-Benefits of a CREW ADVICE Form.

1. Could be used against you in a court of law if not followed correctly.

Comical - Medical history report

The Benefits of a CREW ADVICE Form.

1. Establishes clear, non-negotiable requirements that must be met by all parties.
2. Provides a defined framework for understanding and addressing crew breaches of expectation.
3. Supports the vessel owner’s duty-of-care obligations, including safety at sea, customs and immigration compliance, and potential medical evacuation scenarios.
4. Supports crew during Medical episodes, medical history forming part of this form. In turn, this helps limit the vessel owner’s liability where agreed criteria have not been fulfilled by the crew member.
5. May be relied upon as supporting evidence in legal proceedings.
6. Functions as a form of contractual agreement, as it is typically acknowledged and signed by both parties.

Emergency Equipment Location Card

The Importance of a CREW ADVICE Form (Formal Documentation).

Offshore, the only immediate assistance available is from the person standing beside you.

For this reason, we require crew to complete a first aid course that includes training in the use of a defibrillator, and where possible, the use of needles, as part of their certification.

But why is this level of training necessary?

If a patient requires evacuation, does your standard insurance policy provide coverage at this distance offshore on a private vessel?

Read more

Comical - Two crew arguing

The Non-Benefits of having a CREW MANUAL

1. The vessel owner must also adhere closely to these guidelines, as crew will observe and follow leadership by example.
2. It needs to be up to date.
3. Use the manual as a “must-do…” framework rather than a “how-to…” guide—there is a clear distinction between instruction and expectation, which is often overlooked.
4. Guidelines should be clear and precise, without becoming overly complex, overly prescriptive, or unnecessarily authoritative in tone.

Safety Equipment from Offshore Catamaran Crew Manual

The benefits of having a CREW MANUAL (or SHIPS MANUAL, or VESSEL MANUAL) 

1. Setting clear expectations with simple, direct guidance.
2. Motivating and empowering crew through structured information.
3. Enabling advance instruction, reducing the need for corrective direction on the day.
4. Streamlining departures, as crew already understand required procedures.
5. Improving overall safety at sea through consistent practices.
6. Providing “How to…” (blue) sections for general equipment guidance.
7. Providing “How to…” (red) sections for high-priority or safety-critical information.
8. Supporting compliance with State, National, and Maritime legislation, as well as insurance requirements.
9. Meeting legal duty-of-care obligations owed to crew under maritime law.
10. Documenting procedures and proactive maintenance, demonstrating ongoing vessel care, a strong advantage when it comes to future vessel resale.

Index From Offshore Crew Manual

Why Writing a Manual Is Short-Term Effort for Long-Term Benefit

Coming from a Compliance and Safety background, I understand the dislike toward 'red tape'. This does not, however, excuse those like Insurance companies choosing not to offer you insurance as a result. Or losing a sale because you have bad record-keeping practices.

Understanding the psychology behind documenting information onboard your vessel was introduced in the topic “Empowering Crew.” If you have yet to read “Empowering Crew,” please do so, as this section builds upon those principles.

In this section, we explore two effective yet contrasting documentation approaches:
1.“How to…” Crew Manual (informal content), and
2. “Must Do…” Crew Advice Form. (formal directives).

Comical - How are we going to remember everything

Covernote

Ways to get a Crew Manual Template
1. Write your own.
2. Buy marine-specific crew manuals; many Rally websites have contacts, and even supply them.
3. Find a Template form Pages or Word applications and modify to suit.
4. Ask AI to build you one. You definitely need very precise wording in the AI request.

That being said....

Man strategy planning on a computer

6-Steps to Formulate an Effective Procedure

1. Writing an effective crew manual procedure.

Write procedures in point form. Crew can then:
1. Open the manual,
2. Quick reference INDEX:
           - RED being high priority and safety,
           - BLUE is often equipment-related,
           - BLACK is information of interest.
3. ‘Read-and-do’.

Click here for an example

TIPS:
a. If you are looking for a start point, take ‘dot-point’ notes from Offshore Cruising Course and adapt some of his ideas to your situation. That course contains some exceptionally good ‘meat’ that will work for you.
b. Don't go overboard; keep it very short and in dot points
c. Then file these procedure snippets for a rainy day when the Crew Manual is being diarised.

2. Scenario example - gathering information.

You are at a remote anchorage, and the captain is found with little to no pulse. 
1. Is a First Aid course necessary?..................(CREW ADVISE Form) Current First Aid Certificate required.
2. Is a Marine First Aid course necessary?......(CREW ADVISE Form) Current Marine First Aid Certificate required. What's the difference?
3. Is there a Defibrillator?................................. NO/YES.
4. Who can use it?........................................... (CREW Manual) If YES. One other crew member must be Defibrillator 'current'.
5. Where is it?.................................................. Emergency Equipment Map - located on wall inside Main door.
6. How do you use it?...................................... (CREW Manual) How to...use the defibrillator.
7. Whom do I call?........................................... (CREW Manual) Follow instructions inside Cat 1 First Aid Kit
8. What is our position if asked?...................... (CREW Manual) Use the VHF radio front screen to get GPS position.

NOTES - Read more...

3. Jot down 4-6 precise basic words per question.

1. Keep the instructions short but precise.
2. State exactly what needs to be done, the ‘critical HOW TO’ data.
3. Followed by ‘useful information below’.

Click here for an example

NOTES - Read more...


4. Fine-tune your procedure, not the crew member.

If you find the procedure is not being understood, fine-tune the procedure, NOT THE CREW MEMBER. That procedure should then lead to other related procedures. Do not assume that what you perceive as common sense is understood the same way by your partner or crew. Always write to the lowest common denominator, which could be someone you need in an Emergency who you have never met yet. 

Following on from the incapacitated captain scenario (who is now stable, but can't talk):
1. Do you have a How to…Raise the ANCHOR?
2. Do you think that it's that important that it needs its own ‘How to… procedure '?

Some other ‘How to… questions' could include:
1. Knowing how to set the anchor?
2. Do they start the engine first, or raise the anchor first?

NOTES - Read more...

5. Preparing a template.

If you are undecided on making a good template, don't waste time. You can cheaply buy marine-specific crew manual templates; many Rally websites have contacts, and some even supply them. Make sure the template you get can be easily modified with a computer program you are familiar with, like Pages or Word. Pages and Word also have templates...for free.

Some computer knowledge of writing in Pages or Word is needed. Familiarise yourself with either the Pages program (free from Apple), or the Word program (not sure if this is a paid product with Microsoft). Both have more buttons than you would ever need.

A solid template foundation is key. There are a few things that need to be ironed out from the start about a manual, and they include:
1. Manual size: A4 is the easiest (for description manuals), and A5 (for reading manuals),
2. Find a template in ‘Pages’ or ‘Word’ - use APP free templates - locate a simple one,
3. Choose a simple template that has ‘headers and footers’, in particular ‘footers’,
4. Select your font - don’t worry about formatting while you write, and
5. Decide on printing - Officeworks: $10-$60 for them to print in the colour book version. Verse electronic media - PDF files:
6. Many crew struggle to digest/remember from electronic media.

Starting tips, read more...

6. Bringing the procedures together.

There is a standard layout for quality manuals that are guided by ISO 9001; however, this is not what we need here for a Cruising CREW MANUAL. The layout should be simpler and far more user-friendly.

It should, however, include an:
1. Index,
2. General Introduction (define roles; the OFFSHORE CRUISING Course has some ideas that may slot in here),
3. Components (including How to… foul weather tactics, autopilot use, sail settings),
4. Emergency (including How to… engines, autopilot, sail, anchor, radio calls). Decide how your INDEX of the manual should look.

Use colours, bold and capitals deliberately in your manual. Scanning back through this article and seeing what is highlighted has been done deliberately. Go back to the mySerenity photos and see how the psychological aspects listed below are being used:
1. BOLD CAPITALS - draws importance.
2. COLOUR - red is eye-catching during a scan and associated with danger/safety/importance.
3. Limit RED How to… procedures to no more than 10-15 red procedures.
4. How to… procedures colours effectively split topics in importance.
5. If a location sticker is green, use it. It forms a mental picture by colour association.

 CLICK HERE to see the final product (Tip: Use the INDEX to find a page of interest)

Want more?

If you have found this helpful and would like a template to get you started, contact me and we can chat.

For those who are Ocean Cruising Club or Island Cruising Members, drop me a line with your membership number.

'Insurance companies will be happy, and those legal loopholes have the wind blown out of their sails'.

Snorkelling Coral Sea Reefs Australia

Published

This article has appeared in Ahoy Magazine - March 2022.

I have written and am qualified to audit manual suites (ISO 9001 compliant) for businesses. Services, however, are no longer offered...James

Ahoy Newsletter from Pacific Cruising

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